Swine flu is a respiratory infection caused by the Influenza A (H1N1) virus. The virus can be transmitted from pigs to humans and from humans to humans. It caused a pandemic in 2009. Swine flu remains endemic and occasionally causes severe outbreaks. Although not as severe as the initial outbreaks, it progresses more seriously than other upper respiratory infections and can lead to pneumonia.
Symptoms:
The symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of seasonal flu:
- Fever (38°C or higher)
- Cough and sore throat
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Muscle and joint pain
- Headache
- Fatigue and weakness
- Chills
- Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (in some cases)
Severe Cases:
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest pain
- Confusion
Transmission:
- Droplets spread through sneezing and coughing.
- Touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes.
Treatment:
Antiviral Medications:
- Medications such as Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza) are effective when administered early.
Supportive Treatment:
- Consuming plenty of fluids.
- Fever reducers (such as Paracetamol).
- Rest.
For Severe Cases:
- Supportive hospital treatment (oxygen therapy, fluid therapy).
Prevention:
- Vaccination: Vaccines developed against H1N1 are recommended, especially for high-risk groups (pregnant women, children, the elderly, and individuals with chronic illnesses).
- Hygiene: Frequent handwashing and maintaining oral and nasal hygiene.
- Mask Use: Wearing masks in crowded places provides protection.
Swine flu can be controlled with early diagnosis and treatment, but it may cause serious complications in high-risk groups.